| Action |
Purpose |
Statement |
| Encouraging |
Convey interest, encourage |
"Can you tell me more?" |
| Clarifying |
Get more information
Understand other viewpoints
Clarify what was said |
“When did this happen?” |
| Restating |
Show understanding
Check your interpretation |
“So you are concerned about having enough time to decide. Is that right?” |
| Reflecting |
Understanding feelings
Help speaker self-evaluate |
“You seem very upset” |
| Summarizing |
Review progress
Pull together information |
“These seem to be the key points you are making.” |
| Validating |
Acknowledge worthiness |
“I appreciate your willingness to resolve this matter.” |